A retired justice of the Supreme Court of Nigeria, Justice James Ogebe, has added his voice to the retinue of prominent Nigerians who have gone public to berate the apex court of the land for giving controversial judgements. He suggested the courts were becoming infamous in Nigeria.
In apparent reference to former President Olusegun Obasanjo’s role in the arbitrary removal of governors in the past, Ogebe admonished judges to be patriotic, without “looking at anybody’s face” in the discharge of their duties.
Recall that the apex court has been widely criticised for its judgment that brought in Governor Hope Uzodinma of the All Progressives Congress (APC) at the expense of the then sitting governor, Emeka Ihedioha, of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).
More recently, it ruled that the Senate President, Dr. Ahmad Lawan, was the duly nominated candidate of the APC for Yobe North Senatorial District, even when the high court and appeal court ruled he was not, since he contested to be the party’s presidential candidate and lost to President-elect, Senator Bola Ahmed Tinubu. The Electoral Act forbids contesting for two separate seats at the same time. The apex court was also widely criticised for handing the APC Senatorial ticket to Senator Godswill Akpabio who ran for the party’s presidential ticket that was won by Tinubu.
Ogebe (JSC, rtd), spoke at the US-based ATSJC’s Courts and Society Webinar Series alongside other notable speakers on the topic “The Courts’ Role in Nigeria’s Electoral Process” recently.
Asked how the court of appeal reached its judgment to restore Alhaji Rasheed Ladoja as Governor of Oyo State after he was impeached by the State of Assembly, Ogebe said: “My advise to justices is that they should be interpreting the Constitution and the law as it is, without looking at anybody’s eyes or face to do justice and pure justice.
“In the case of Ladoja, some members of the state Assembly in Oyo state had disagreement and so some of them left the house of assembly and went to a hotel room. They didn’t have the numbers to impeach and said they had impeached the governor. The speaker was not part of them, the deputy speaker was not part of them. They then suddenly chose somebody else as Governor.
“They argued at the high court that impeachment cannot be interfered with by the court. We looked at the constitution very carefully and said well, ‘Those rascals who were in the hotel who impeached the governor cannot constitute the state assembly.’ So we were able to wriggle out of it and restored the governor and that’s exactly what happened in Oyo State in Ladoja’s case.
“It was followed in Anambra State where they hurriedly went and removed the governor (Obi). Just before we gave our own judgment, they quickly went and removed him. They were following what was happened in Oyo. And the case came before us in the Court of Appeal Enugu and we restored him.
“The administration then was trying to make light the issue of the removal of governors. And we said ‘no! If the governor of a state can be removed at the whim of any president, then there will be no stability in the system at all.’
“So, I advise all Judges and lawyers should be very careful to make sure that the constitution is not breached by the politicians who are all out to find loopholes with which to breach the constitution.
“That is why in my paper, I tried to suggest that pre-election matters of that nature should not go beyond the High Court, if at all…
“The High Court rejected the position of Lawan, the Court of Appeal also threw out his appeal, and it got to the Supreme Court, and then we had that strange ruling.
“Quite frankly I’ve been a justice of the Supreme Court. I disagree entirely with that ruling, and I’ve had occasion to discuss it with some of the justices of the Supreme Court who don’t agree with that either. That is why I say that such matters should be dealt with very carefully. These people should not have been given any opportunity.
“The Supreme Court is a final court. And they should be careful not to give any ruling without careful observation.
“In fact, they should be careful that even if it means applying their prerogative as the highest court to overrule some of the technicalities,
like say, ‘Oh, the originator of the suit did not file the originating summons, or this and that,’ these are technicalities.
“There was a case in Nigeria where a high court judge was sentenced to imprisonment and fine for an offence, and eventually he appealed the matter. It went to the Supreme Court, and the Attorney General of the state was objecting on technical grounds, that the grounds were defective and all that.
“The Chief Justice said, ‘Look, whether the man came on his head or shoulders or not, the matter is before us and we’re going to decide it right now.’
“And they said, ‘Look, the high court judge who is alleged not to have a gun license, and all that as the Attorney General alleged, can’t you go and get the license for the judge? That’s the kind of thing you bring here?’ There and then they discharged and acquitted the judge.
“So, the Supreme Court has the right, even when there’s a defective process, they look at the substance of the case and say, ‘look, we’re going to do justice in this case.’ That would have solved the problem.
“As judges, they should be careful in election matters, not to do anything that will make the court infamous. But the majority of judges are very careful. They are good. They’re not corrupt as alleged. I remember that I was accused of being bribed by billions of Naira in the Yar’Adua case. And I was compelled to go to court to sue for libel.
“I was awarded N25 million against a newspaper because I didn’t take a kobo from anybody. The same with my learned brother Niki Tobi of blessed memory. He’s a Christian- he didn’t take bribe but they went and publicised in Sahara and all sorts of things that we took bribes. No, we didn’t do anything like that.
“But that is the risk that we have as judges, but we should do our job with a clear conscience and with the fear of God for the benefit of the society.”
Prodded further, he added on the issue of alleged bribes to him and late JusticeNiki Tobi (JSC): “Well I feel that was a professional hazard. There are so many people who don’t know anything about justice or anything, but they just open their mouths wide. They speak based on ignorance, it’s important that the public be educated on how judges operate.
“For instance, in the Yar’adua case, it was a notorious fact that certain things went wrong. Yar’adua himself as president did agree that there was some flaw in the process that brought him in but to prove it in court is a different matter. People did not produce enough evidence for us to overturn that election. We didn’t take bribe, nothing but based it purely on the law….
“You know that for the presidential election at the court of appeal level, there must be five justices of the court of appeal, and not a single one of them can overrule the other. Everybody has his own opinion. They can disagree, but the majority judgment will prevail.
“Like in my own, when I did the Yar’Adua, five of us all agreed and there was no dissenting opinion at all. But when it went to the Supreme Court, there was some dissenting opinion. I think it was four to three, but the majority prevailed. So, there’s no single judge that has the power to overrule.
“Even if you are a Chief Justice, you can be sidelined if your colleagues don’t agree with you. Judges have independent minds and there’s no way that you can force a judge to agree with you.
“You have the legislature, you have the executive, these are all politicians and then you have the judiciary. If politicians have disagreements with one another, there is no way they can resolve disputes within themselves because both sides are interested, that is why they created the judiciary, which is supposed to be impartial, to be fearless, and do the right thing.
“As I said earlier it is an onerous responsibility for the judges to decide on these election matters, but somebody has got to do it. That is why I enjoin that judges who are involved in election matters must be courageous, must be fearless, must be God-fearing, and do what is right.
“To avoid bribery or partisanship and do what is right, I can’t see that ever changing because people are fighting each other over who to be president and then you leave it back to the politicians?
“What do you do? There must be somebody to decide the case, and… that onerous duty is upon the judiciary, in this constitution. I cannot foresee any situation whereby you leave it to be a free for all fight. The judiciary is supposed to be an umpire in deciding such matters.